人工智能AI换脸术的潜力和隐忧

1.Earlier this year, videos of Tom Cruise started popping up on TikTok of the actor doing some surprisingly un-Tom-Cruise-like stuff: goofing around in an upscale men's clothing store; showing off a coin trick; growling playfully during a short rendition of Dave Matthews Band's "Crash Into Me."

今年年初，抖音上出现了几条汤姆·克鲁斯的视频，但做的事情却不像大明星该做的：比如在一家高档男士服装店里闲逛；展示硬币魔术；又或者一边听戴夫·马修斯乐队的“爱上我”的音乐片段一边轻松地大叫。

2.Despite the movie star hair, the eye-squinting and that trademark teeth-baring cackle, it wasn't really Cruise. 

尽管他留着电影明星的发型，会挤眼扮酷还会露出标志性的露牙笑，这位其实不是真正的克鲁斯本人。

3.The 10 videos, which were posted between February and June, featured an artificial intelligence-generated doppelganger meant to look and sound like him. 

这10段视频是在二月到六月之间发布的，其中出现的是一个人工智能生成的分身，它的外观和声音都很像他。

4.The deepfakes — a combination of the terms "deep learning" and "fake" — were created by visual and AI effects artist Chris Umé with the help of a Cruise stand-in, actor Miles Fisher.

“深度仿真”--由“深度”和“仿真”两个词语组合而成，是由视觉和人工智能特效艺术家克里斯·伍梅在克鲁斯的替身演员迈尔斯·费舍尔的帮助下设计的。

5.This ersatz Cruise was so popular, racking up tens of millions of views on TikTok, that it inspired Umé to join up with others to launch a company called Metaphysic in June. 

这个库鲁斯的分身非常受欢迎，在抖音上获得了数以千万计的点击量，从而激励了伍梅与其他人合作，在6月份创办了一家叫做“玄学”的公司。

6.It uses the same deepfake technology to make otherwise impossible ads and restore old film. 

该公司利用这种深度仿真技术来制作一些本来不可能出现的广告并且翻拍一些老电影。

7.Metaphysic's deepfake projects for clients have included a Gillette razor campaign that recreated a young Deion Sanders along with his 1989 draft-day look and a campaign for the Belgian Football Association that brought two deceased Belgium team managers back to life.

玄学公司给客户提供的深度仿真项目包括吉列剃须刀的一个宣传活动，再现了年轻的德恩·桑德斯1989年选秀日的样子，以及比利时足协(比利时足协)的一场运动，使两名已故的比利时球队经理再现荧屏。

8.Much attention has been placed on the potential for using deepfakes for nefarious purposes, and for good reason. 

人们很关注深度仿真技术是否会被用于不良意图，而且这种担心是很有道理的。

9.The first-known examples of deepfake videos, posted to Reddit in 2017, featured celebrities' faces swapped with those of porn stars. 

深度仿真视频最初的例子是2017年发布在Reddit网站上的几则视频，把色情明星的脸换成了名人的脸。

10.Since then, the technology has often been used for creating non-consenual pornography. 

从此之后，这项技术经常被用来制作那些未经本人许可的色情影片。

11.Lawmakers have also warned that deepfakes could be used to mislead the American public.

法律制定者同时也警告成深度仿真技术可以用来误导美国公众。

12..Yet Umé and his cofounders are among a growing number of people who are convinced that the technology can also be fun and accomplish incredible feats for movies, ads, and other forms of media that were previously unthinkable even with the best special effects. 

然而伍梅和合伙人，以及越来越多的人都坚信这项技术也可以很好玩，并且做出一些难以置信的镜头用于电影，广告和其他形式的媒体，这种效果哪怕用最先进的特效也做不出来。

13.The Metaphysic founders envision using deepfakes to do everything from making older entertainers appear younger to creating video doubles of famous people that can be used to make commercials — or any type of content — without needing them to be physically on set. 

玄学公司的创立者们预见，可以利用深度仿真技术来做很多事，比如让一些老演员重返青春，又或者拍摄 一些名人的视频来做成广告—什么内容都可以—而且不需要演员本人真的去拍。

14.But as a recent controversy over the use of an AI-generated voice of the late chef and TV personality Anthony Bourdain shows, even entertainment uses of such controversial technology can raise eyebrows and ethical concerns.

但就像最近有关使用已故厨师和电视名人安东尼·伯登的人工智能生成的声音的争议一样，即便是娱乐使用这种有争议的技术，也可能引起人们的关注和伦理道德问题。